Constitutionalization of Consumer Protection in the Perspective of Human Rights Law and Islamic Prophetic Law

Musataklima Musataklima, M Syamsudin, Adi Sulistiyono

  Abstract


People are ipso facto consumers. People, as consumers, have rights that must be protected by law. As human beings, consumers have rights that must be protected, respected, fulfilled, and advanced by the state. However, current consumer protection could be more effective and stronger, as evidenced by many consumer complaints to the National Consumer Protection Agency. (BPKN). This is also due to the weak legal instruments of consumer protection that need to be burned into the country’s constitution. Based on this, the study aims to analyze the urgency of constitutionalizing consumer protection from the perspective of human rights and prophetic Islamic law. The research method used is the study of doctrinal law with conceptual and legislative approaches. The data used is secondary data, i.e., primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials obtained through the study of libraries and online searching (internet searching), surfing, and downloading, and subsequently analysed qualitatively. As for the results of this study, the first constitutionalization of consumer protection from a human rights perspective can guarantee the fulfillment of the right to life as a fundamental human right and can be an instrumentation of the fulfillment of a right to a decent and safe standard of living to be consumed. Second, from the perspective of prophetic law, the constitutionalization of protection can empower public authorities to fulfill, respect, implement, and enforce consumer protection, thus realizing the liberation and humanization of consumers from unfair and fraudulent trade.


  Keywords


constitutionalization; consumer protection; human rights law; islamic; prophetic law

  References


A.G Eze. “Consumer Rights as Constitutional Rights-A Comparative Analysis of Some Selected Jurisdiction.†Nnamdi Azikiwe University Journal of International Law and Jurisprudence 2, no. 0 (2011): 4–8.

Amiruddin dan Zainal Asikin. Pengantar Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 2018.

Ariyaratna, Ruwanthika. “Consumer Rights in the Context of Human Rights: A Legal Analysis.†KDU Law Journal General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University 02, no. 01 (2022): 25–40. http://www.rebe.rau.ro/RePEc/rau/clieui/SP14/CLI-SP14-A9.

ASEAN Secretariat. Handbook on ASEAN Consumer Protection Laws and Regulations. Second Edi. Jakarta: The ASEAN Secretariat Community Relations Division (CRD), 2021. http://asean.org/storage/2018/05/Handbook-on-ASEAN-Consumer-Protection-Laws-and-Regulation.pdf.

Ashutosh, Prof, and V Panchbhai. “Product Liability Law in India-a Critique.†Journal of Positive School Psychology 2022, no. 4 (2021): 561–67. http://journalppw.com.

AUDA, JASSER. Maqasid Al-Shariah as Philosophy of Islamic Law A Systems Approach. London Washington: the international institute of islamic thought, 2019. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvkc67tg.8.

Azahari, Azril. “Pembangunan Sumber Daya Manusia Dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Sektor Pertanian.†Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Indonesia 15, no. 1 (2000): 56–69.

B.A Garner. Black’s Law Dictionary. 8th editio. St Paul Minnessota: West Publishing Co, 2004.

Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia. “HASIL PENYELARASAN NASKAH AKADEMIK RANCANGAN UNDANG-UNDANG TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN.†Jakarta: Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia, 2020.

Banaszak, B., and Boguslaw Banaszak Wroclaw. “Constitutionalisation of Social Human Rights, Necessity or Luxury?†Persona y Derecho: Revista de Fundamentación de Las Instituciones Jurídicas y de Derechos Humanos 66, no. 66 (2012): 17–28.

Blerton SINANI. “Constitution As the Highest Legal-Political Act.†A Critical-Legal Overview of the Concept of Constitution 10 (2019): 2441–63.

BROWN, GARRETT WALLACE. “The Constitutionalization of What?†Global Constitutionalism 1, no. 2 (2012): 201–28. https://doi.org/10.1017/s2045381712000056.

Budijanto, Oki Wahju, and Tony Yuri Rahmanto. “Pencegahan Paham Radikalisme Melalui Optimalisasi Pendidikan Hak Asasi Manusia Di Indonesia.†Jurnal HAM 12, no. 1 (2021): 57. https://doi.org/10.30641/ham.2021.12.57-74.

Cała-wacinkiewicz, Ewelina. “Consumer’s Rights As A Special Category Of Human Rights,†no. Oxford (2009): 14–22.

Chilton, Adam S., and Mila Versteeg. “Do Constitutional Rights Make a Difference?†American Journal of Political Science 60, no. 3 (2016): 575–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12239.

Collins, Hugh. “Private Law, Fundamental Rights, and and the Rule of Law.†West Virginia Law Review 121, no. 1 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198729327.001.0001.

Cseres, K J. “Controversies of the Consumer Welfare Standard.†The Competition Law Review 3, no. 2 (2007): 121–73.

DEUTCH, SINAi. “Are Consumer Rights Human Rights?†OSGOODE HALL LAW JOURNAL 32, no. 3 (2012): 336–53. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139003452.021.

Dimyati, Khudzaifah, Absori Absori, Kelik Wardiono, and Fitrah Hamdani. “MORALITY AND LAW: Critics upon H.L.A Hart’s Moral Paradigm Epistemology Basis Based on Prophetic Paradigm.†Jurnal Dinamika Hukum 17, no. 1 (2017): 23. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2017.17.1.823.

Fachrudin, Irfan. “Pemenuhan Hak Warga Negara Eks Timor Timur Untuk Mendapatkan Kehidupan Yang Layak.†Jurnal HAM 13, no. 3 (2022): 401. https://doi.org/10.30641/ham.2022.13.401-412.

Fajar Riza Ul Haq Endang Tirtana, ed. ISLAM, HAM, DAN KEINDONESIAAN Refleksi Dan Agenda Aksi Untuk Pendidikan Agama. Jakarta: MAARIF Institute for Culture and Humanity, 2007.

Farida, Maria, Arfan Faiz Muhlizi, Chairijah, Innocentius Syamsul, Suhariyono AR, Ida Padmanegara, Hesty Hastuty, Liestiarini Wulandari, and Tongam R Silaban. “Kompedium Perundang Undangan.†Jakarta, 2008.

FREDERICKX, MARIEKE, and ILSE CORNELIS BÉRÉNICE STORMS. IMPLEMENTING THE RIGHT TO A DECENT LIVING STANDARD IN BELGIUM: THE USE OF THE REDI TOOL. Journal of Social Intervention: Theory and Practice. Vol. 31, 2022.

Gunawan, Johannes. “Kontroversi Strict Liability Dalam Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen.†Veritas et Justitia 4, no. 2 (2018): 274–303. https://doi.org/10.25123/vej.3082.

Gunawan Widjaja & Ahmad Yani. Hukum Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2003.

Hamzah. “The Importance of Product Liability Insurance in Indonesia: A Preliminary Analysis.†Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues 23, no. 2 (2020): 1–7.

Henry Shue. Basic Rights, Subsistence, Aluence, and U.S. Foreign Policy. 40th Anniv. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2020.

Holijah, Holijah. “Strict Liability Principle: Consumer Protection from Hidden Defective Products in Indonesia.†Sriwijaya Law Review 4, no. 1 (2020): 109. https://doi.org/10.28946/slrev.vol4.iss2.295.pp109-123.

Iris Benöhr and Hans-W. Micklitz. “Consumer Protection and Human Rights.†In Research Handbooks in International Law, 1–476. United State of America: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 2010. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781785361685.

———. Consumer Protection and Human Rights. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 2013. papers3://publication/uuid/1CB782B1-6575-4353-8239-02579EB3D39A.

Janus Sidabalok. Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen. Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti, 2006.

Jasser Audah. Maqashid Al-Shariah A Beginners Guide. London Washington: tʜe ɪɴteʀɴatɪoɴaʟ ɪɴstɪtute of ɪsʟamɪc tʜouɢʜt, 2014.

Johannes Gunawan, Bernadette M. Waluyo, A Dwi Rachmanto. “Alih Kelola Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen (BPSK) Dari Kabupaten/KOta Ke Provinsi Beerdasarkan UU NO 23 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pemerintahan Daerah.†Vol. 1, 2019.

Jufri, Muwaffiq. “Urgensi Amandemen Kelima Pada Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 Terkait Hak Dan Kebebasan Beragama.†Jurnal HAM 12, no. 1 (2021): 123. https://doi.org/10.30641/ham.2021.12.123-140.

Kelik Wardiono. Ilmu Hukum Profetik; Hampiran Basis Epistemologis Paradigmatik. Surakarta: Muhammadiyah University Press, 2020.

Khan, Ferojuddin M A, Manisha Singh, Pramod Kumar Shrivastava and Shilpa Bahl. “Concept of Caveat Venditor and Its Application in Healthcare and Education Sector.†Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry 13, no. 1 (2022): 217–25.

Khan, Kishwar, and Sarwat Aftab. “Consumer Protection in Islam: The Case of Pakistan.†Australian Economic Papers 39, no. 4 (2000): 483–503. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8454.00106.

Khan, Muhammad Akbar. “Consumer Protection in Islamic Law (Shariah): An Overview.†Al-Adwa 31, no. 45 (2016): 77–100. http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/szic/PDF/English/6- Muhammad Akbar Khan Final Draft of Research Paper.pdf.

———. “The Islamic Law of Torts and Porduct Liability (an Analysis).†Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research (PJIR) 19, no. 1 (2018): 15–35. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2396478095?accountid=8630%0Ahttps://birmingham-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/openurl/44BIR/44BIR_Services?genre=article&issn=20700326&title=The+Islamic+law+of+torts+and+porduct+liability+%28an+analysis%29&volume=19&iss.

———. “The Role of Islamic State in Consumer Protection.†Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research 8 (2011): 31–44.

Kritzer, Herbert M. “Lawyers’ Professional Liability: Comparative Perspectives.†International Journal of the Legal Profession 24, no. 2 (2017): 73–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/09695958.2016.1223673.

Kuntowijoyo. Paradigma Islam: Interpretasi Untuk Aksi. Bandung: Mizan, 1999.

Lutfi, Mustafa, and Asrul Ibrahim Nur. “Reconstruction of Norm in Selection System of Constitutional Court Judge Candidates from the Perspective of the Paradigm of Prophetic Law.†Legality : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 30, no. 1 (2022): 116–30. https://doi.org/10.22219/ljih.v30i1.20744.

M. S. Chaudhry. Islam Charter’s of Fundamental Rights and Civil Liberties. Lahore: Al-Matbaatul Arabiyah, 1995.

Maddox, Graham. “A Note on the Meaning of ‘Constitution.’†American Political Science Review 76, no. 4 (1982): 805–9. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055400189622.

Manan, Bagir. Perubahan Dan Perkembangan Konstitusi Suatu Negara. Bandung: Mandar Maju, 1995.

Margus Kingisepp. “The Constitutional Approach to Basic Consumer Rights.†JURIDICA INTERNATIONAL 19, no. 49 (2012): 235–40.

Martin Loughlin. “What Is Constitutionalisation?†In The Twilight of Constitutionalism?, edited by Petra Dobner and Martin Loughlin, 1–368. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199585007.001.0001.

Melo, Érico Rodrigues de. “Consumer Rights as Human Rights : Legal and Philosophical Considerations.†Revista RyD República y Derecho 5 (2020): 1–26.

Mertens, Thomas. A Philosophical Introduction to Human Rights. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2020.

Micklitz, Hans-W., and Geneviève Saumier, eds. Enforcement and Effectiveness of Consumer Law. Enforcement and Effectiveness of Consumer Law. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78431-1_1.

Mubarok, Muhammad Mufti. “The Mapping of Electronic Commerce Issues and Consumer Protection Policy in Indonesia.†Journal of Economics, Business, & Accountancy Ventura 24, no. 3 (2022): 431. https://doi.org/10.14414/jebav.v24i2.2690.

O’Grady, M James. “Consumer Remedies.†The Canadian Bar Review 60, no. 4 (1982).

Office of The United nations High Commioner For Human Rights. The Right to Adequate Housing. Development. Vol. 57. New York: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights United Nations, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1057/dev.2014.64.

Peter Mahmud Marzuki. Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Prenada Media Group, 2010.

Praseaningsih, Rahayu. “Konstusionalisasi Hukum Privat : Beberapa Pandangan Yang Berkembang Dalam Pengkajian Ilmu Hukum.†Padjadjaran Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 1, no. 2 (2014): 367–85.

Rao, Narasimha D., and Jihoon Min. “Decent Living Standards: Material Prerequisites for Human Wellbeing.†Social Indicators Research 138, no. 1 (2018): 225–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-017-1650-0.

Sakinah Shaik Ahmad Yusoff. “Perlindungan Pengguna Di Malaysia: Falsafah Dan Politik.†In Undang-Undang Komersil Dan Pengguna. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa&Pustaka, 2007.

Salleh, Ahmad Dahlan. “Consumer Rights Protection from Islamic Overview.†International Journal of Academic Research in Business& Social Sciences 13, no. 1 (2023): 1632–40. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v13-i1/16306.

Sellers, Patricia Viseur. “Jus Cogens: Redux.†AJIL Unbound 116 (2022): 281–86. https://doi.org/10.1017/aju.2022.47.

Setiawan, Mohammad Bhakti, and Abdul Hakim. “Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Manusia.†Jurnal Economia, 9(1), 18-26 9(1) (2008): 18–26. Uny.ac.id.

Sharma, Smith. “District Consumer Forum- : Social -Economic Protection to Consumer.†Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) 7, no. 5 (2020): 297–311.

Shavell, Steven. “The Mistaken Restriction of Strict Liability to Uncommon Activities.†Journal of Legal Analysis 10 (2018): 1–45. https://doi.org/10.1093/jla/lay004.

Shaw, Jo, and Igor Štiks. “The Constitutionalisation of Cities and the Future of Global Society.†Identities 00, no. 00 (2021): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/1070289X.2021.1970981.

Shidarta. Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen Indonesia. Jakarta: Grasindo, 2000.

Shu’ara, Jamila. “Consumer Education as a Strategy for Sustaining Human Rights and National Security in Nigeria.†American Journal of Research in Business and Social Sciences 1, no. 2 (2021): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.58314/78980.

Siburian, H M Sahat Radot. “Constitution Formulation and Amendment in Indonesian and American Legal System: A Comparative Study.†Journal of Law and Legal Reform 3, no. 1 (2022): 39–66. https://doi.org/10.15294/jllr.v3i1.49536.

Sudjito Atmoredjo. Ideologi Hukum Indonesia: Kajian Tentang Pancasila Dalam Perspektif Ilmu Hukum Dan Dasar Negara Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Lingkar Media Yogyakarta, 2016.

Susanto, Burhanudin, and Ros Amira Binti Mohd Ruslan. “Legal Renewing of Consumer Protection (Himâyah Al-Mustahlaki) Through Islamic Law Perspective.†Al-’Adalah 16, no. 2 (2020): 287–310. https://doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v16i2.4514.

Syahrani. Humanisasi Dalam Administrasi Dan Manajemen Pendidikan. Yogyakarta: Global Press, 2017.

Syamsudin, M. “Berhukum Profetik Di Tengah Kalatidha.†Pidato Pengukuhan Guru Besar. Yogyakarta, 2022.

———, ed. Ilmu Hukum Profetik : Gagasan Awal Landasan Kefilsafatan Dan Kemungkinan Pengembangannya Di Era Postmodern. FH UI Press, 2013. https://www.ptonline.com/articles/how-to-get-better-mfi-results.

The ASEAN Secretariat. “Pilot Project ASEAN Consumer Empowerment Index 2020.†Jakarta, 2020.

Voigt, Stefan. “Implicit Consitutional Change-Changing the Meaning of the Constitution without Changing the Text of the Document.†European Journal of Law and Economics 7, no. 3 (1999): 197–224. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008724612813.

Wignjosoebroto, Soetandyo. Hukum: Paradigma, Metode, Dan Masalahnya. Edited by Ifdhal Kasim (Editor Utama), Winarno Yudho, Sandra Moniaga, Noer Fauzi, Ricardo Simarmata, and Eddie Sius RL. Jakarta: Elsam dan Huma, 2002.

Wrbka, Stefan. European Consumer Access to Justice. European Consumer Access to Justice Revisited. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139680431.

Zhou, Dong, Jinyu Zhu, and Yihan Guo. “Does Internet Connect to Social Justice Perception in China?†Frontiers in Psychology 13, no. June (2022): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.917039.


  Article Metric

Abstract this article has been read : 481 times
PDF (Bahasa Indonesia) file viewed/downloaded : 280 times | TRANSLATION file viewed/downloaded : 64 times

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30641/ham.2023.14.137-154

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Musataklima, M Syamsudin, Adi Sulistiyono

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Jurnal HAM Indexed by :

                        

Complete list


Web Analytics

Jurnal HAM Statistics