Pelanggaran HAM dalam Kerjasama Eksplorasi Mineral antara Konsorsium Perusahaan China dan Pemerintah Kongo

Witri Elvianti; Dibyana Galih Prakasita

doi:10.30641/ham.2021.12.325-348

Pelanggaran HAM dalam Kerjasama Eksplorasi Mineral antara Konsorsium Perusahaan China dan Pemerintah Kongo

Witri Elvianti, Dibyana Galih Prakasita

Abstract

Kerja sama ekonomi bilateral China dengan Republik Demokratik Kongo (Kongo) telah disepakati melalui Collaboration Agreement pada tahun 2008. Pemerintah China menjanjikan bahwa kerja sama tersebut akan membawa manfaat bagi kesejahteraan penduduk lokal melalui pembangunan infrastruktur di Kongo. Meskipun demikian, perjanjian kerjasama tersebut justru menuai kontroversi dikarenakan beberapa analisis yang menunjukkan adanya pengabaian terhadap perlindungan HAM di Kongo oleh perusahaan konsorsium China. Kajian ini didesain dengan metode penelitian kualitatif dan bertujuan untuk menganalisis apakah Perjanjian Kolaborasi PRC-DRC 2008 sesuai dengan prinsip HAM universal. Dengan menggunakan metode analisa isi (content analysis), peneliti mengumpulkan data dengan menelaah isi dari perjanjian kerjasama tersebut. Ditemukan bahwa meskipun pemerintah China menegaskan komitmennya untuk mendukung pembangunan manusia di Afrika namun komitmen tersebut justru tidak muncul dalam Perjanjian Kolaborasi yang memayungi kerjasama bilateral China dan Kongo dalam eksplorasi mineral. Tulisan ini juga mengemukakan bahwa hasil penambangan mineral untuk infrastruktur tidak sesuai dengan win-win solution yang kemudian dapat memperburuk pembangunan manusia di Kongo. Perusahaan pertambangan China yang tampak mengabaikan risiko mempekerjakan anak sebagai tenaga kerja murah berpotensi memperburuk komitmen China pada hak asasi manusia. Dianalisis dari sisi kepentingan nasional China, kepentingan bisnis dan perdagangan tetap menjadi prioritas utama daripada kepatuhan pada prinsip universal hak asasi manusia

Keywords

Pemerintah China; pekerja anak; eksplorasi mineral; Pemerintah Republik Demokratik Kongo.

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