Optimalisasi Pengelolaan Paten Melalui Lokapasar: Formulasi Pengaturan Paten Dalam Bentuk NFT di Indonesia

Zaki Priambudi; Sendy Pratama Firdaus; Natasha Intania Sabila; Nuzulia Kumala Sari

doi:10.30641/kebijakan.2023.V17.165-182

Optimalisasi Pengelolaan Paten Melalui Lokapasar: Formulasi Pengaturan Paten Dalam Bentuk NFT di Indonesia

Zaki Priambudi, Sendy Pratama Firdaus, Natasha Intania Sabila, Nuzulia Kumala Sari

Abstract

Penelitian ini berupaya menggagas pengaturan paten dalam bentuk NFT (NFT-Paten) di Indonesia. Pengimplementasian NFT-Paten ditujukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan pengelolaan paten di Indonesia yaitu, birokrasi paten yang panjang dan berbiaya mahal, tidak adanya ekosistem komersialisasi paten yang terintegrasi, adanya kekosongan hukum mengenai mekanisme valuasi suatu paten. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konsistensi normatif pengaturan NFT di Indonesia dan beberapa negara, menemukan kerangka normatif konsep peralihan hak NFT-Paten, dan mendesain konsep pengaturan peralihan hak NFT-Paten melalui lokapasar dalam peraturan-perundang-undangan. Dengan menggabungkan metode penelitian doktrinal dan reform oriented research, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa berdasarkan hukum positif Indonesia NFT dikategorikan sebagai komoditas kripto yang merupakan obyek pajak dan BKP, sebaliknya Amerika Serikat yang melihat NFT layaknya HKI konvensional dalam bentuk digital untuk kepentingan pajak. NFT-Paten dikategorikan sebagai benda bergerak tidak berwujud yang transaksinya dianggap sah sepanjang memenuhi ketentuan Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata. Dalam pengimplementasiannya, dilakukan proses transisi dengan beberapa tahapan. Tahapan-tahapan transisi diatur dalam Permenkumham dengan DJKI sebagai pengelola. Jika sebagian besar proses transisi telah berjalan, pemerintah perlu memperbaharui UU Paten 2016 beserta seluruh peraturan pelaksananya. Puncaknya penelitian ini merekomendasikan pemerintah untuk mengatur NFT secara khusus, bersinergi dengan perusahaan pengembang ekosistem paten berbasis blockchain, dan mendorong kolaborasi perguruan tinggi dengan perusahaan industri dalam pengembangan paten.

Keywords

Non-Fungible Token; Paten; Lokapasar.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30641/kebijakan.2023.V17.165-182