Criminal System Disparity in The Indonesian Immigration Law 2011

Dista Dewi Rahayu; Ridwan Arifin; Luby Lukman Zakaria

doi:10.30641/kebijakan.2023.V17.25-40

Criminal System Disparity in The Indonesian Immigration Law 2011

Dista Dewi Rahayu, Ridwan Arifin, Luby Lukman Zakaria

Abstract

The Criminal Provisions in Indonesian Immigration Law of 2011 are designed as acts of legislation for preventing transnational organized crimes in Indonesia. This law has existed for more than 10 years and has been no critical evaluation of the immigration criminal provisions. The construction of the criminal system has a non-uniform pattern of penal policy formation. This research employed the doctrinal research method with deductive reasoning that analyzed Articles on immigration criminal provisions from the perspective of Jeremy Bentham’s theory of punishment analyzing the quality of criminal Articles. The results indicate that there are reactive and not pre-empting immigration criminal provisions, poor criminal provisions during immigration examinations, disparities in Judge’s decisions at courts, varied patterns of punishment and sanctions, and inconsistency of criminal liability arrangements against corporations. Reconstruction of immigration criminal Articles is urged to achieve Bentham’s principles and objectives of the law in sentencing. Criminal Articles should be dominated to prevent cross-border crimes during immigration clearance.

Keywords

Criminal Disparity; Immigration Law; Criminal Provision

Full Text:

PDF PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)

References

Akbari, Anugerah Rizki. “Explaining Crimmigration in Indonesia: A Discourse of the Fight Against People Smuggling, Irregular Migration Control, and Symbolic Criminalization.” Indonesia Law Review 5, no. 3 (December 31, 2015). https://doi.org/10.15742/ilrev.v5n3.163.

Amrani, Hanafi ; Ali, Mahrus. Sistem Pertanggungjawaban Pidana: Perkembangan Dan Penerapan. 1st Editio. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2015.

Anggono, Bayu Dwi, Agus Riewanto, and Oce Madril. Hukum Keimigrasian: Suatu Pengantar. Edited by

Jimmy Usfunan. 1st ed. Depok: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2022.

Antara News, Juwita Trisna Rahayu. “Pesawat Air Asia Salah Turunkan Penumpang,” 2016. https://kalteng. antaranews.com/berita/253301/pesawat-airasia-salah-turunkan-penumpang.

Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional. “Laporan Akhir Analisis Dan Evaluasi Hukum Terkait Keimigrasian,” 2020. https://bphn.go.id/data/documents/ae_2_buku_pokja_keimigrasian.pdf.

Badan Pusat Statistik. “Warga RI Melancong Ke Luar Negeri Turun 75% Imbas Pandemi.” Accessed May 19, 2022. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2021/12/29/warga-ri-melancong-ke-luar-negeri-turun- 75-imbas-pandemi.

Bentham, Jeremy. Teori Perundang-Undangan : Prinsip-Prinsip Legislasi, Hukum Perdata Dan Hukum Pidana (The Theory of Legislation). Edited by Delta Sri Wulandari. Nusa Media, 2010.

Claudia, N. ; Pujiyono, P. ; Rozah, U. “Pembaharuan Kebijakan Pidana Minimum Khusus Dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi.” Diponegoro Law Journal 7, no. 3 (2018): 237–64. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index. php/dlr/article/view/22786/0.

Directorate General of Immigration. “Laporan Kinerja Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi Tahun Anggaran 2021.” Jakarta, 2021.

Farhana, Farhana. “Punishment of Criminals of Trafficking in Persons: Legal Perspective on International

Guidelines and Indonesian Practices.” International Journal of Criminology and Sociology. Vol. 10, 2021. Giliker, P. Vicarious Liability in Tort: A Comparative Perspective. Vol. 69. Cambridge University Press, 2010.

https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511779008.

Gulö, Nimerodi, and Ade Kurniawan Muharram. “Disparitas Dalam Penjatuhan Pidana.” Jilid 47, no. 3 (2018): 215–27.

Herwanto, Cherly Dwi Cahya. “Diabaikannya Alat Bukti Dan Fakta Hukum Oleh Judex Facti Yang Terungkap Di Persidangan Perkara Keimigrasian Sebagai Upaya Kasasi Penuntut Umum (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 96 K/Pid.Sus/2015)” 8, no. 1 (n.d.).

Huda, C. “Pola Pemberatan Pidana Dalam Hukum Pidana Khusus.” Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum 18, no. 4 (2011): 508–24.

Imenda, Sitwala. “Is There a Conceptual Difference between Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks?”

Journal of Social Sciences 38, no. 2 (February 2014): 185–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2014.1

Indonesia, Republik. Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian (2011).

Kantor Imigrasi Kelas I Khusus TPI Soekarno Hatta. “Berkas Laporan Akuntabilitas Kinerja Instansi Pemerintah (LAKIP) Kantor Imigrasi Kelas I Khusus TPI Soekarno-Hatta Tahun 2020,” 2020.

Mamak, Kamil, Joanna Dudek, Maciej Koniewski, and Daniel Kwiatkowski. “A Failed Attempt to Radically Reduce Inter-Court Sentencing Disparities by Legislation: Empirical Evidence from Poland.” European Journal of Criminology, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370820952729.

Manu, Emmanuel ; Akotia, Julius. Secondary Research Methods in the Built Environtment. 1st Editio. London: Routledge, 2021. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003000532.

Moore, Michael. “The Strictness of Strict Liability.” Criminal Law and Philosophy 12 (2018): 513–29. https:// link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11572-017-9438-5.

Muladi, and Barda Nawawi Arief. Teori-Teori Dan Kebijakan Pidana. 4th ed. Bandung: PT Alumni, 2010. Parengkuan, Ridel. “Pemberlakuan Sanksi Pidana Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Keimigrasian.” Lex Crimen

IV, no. 1 (2015): 71–78.

Pramana, G. M. A. ; Nurkumalawati, Intan ; Arifin, Ridwan. “Policy Evaluation on Immigration Electronic Stamp, Biometric Data, and Autogate Machines in the Context of Geopolitics.” Jurnal Ilmiah Kebijakan Hukum 16, no. 1 (2022): 41–60. https://ejournal.balitbangham.go.id/index.php/kebijakan/article/ view/2160/pdf.

Putri, Nella Sumika. “Sistem Pertanggungjawaban Pidana: Perkembangan Dan Penerapan.” Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum 2, no. 1 (2017).

Santosa, A. A. G. D. H. ; Wijaya, I.M.M. ; Sundariwati, N. L. “Principles of Selective Immigration Policy in Relation to Visa Free Entry for Tourism Pusposes.” Jurnal Ilmiah Kebijakan Hukum 16, no. 2 (2022): 235–52. https://ejournal.balitbangham.go.id/index.php/kebijakan/article/view/2596/pdf.

Setiadi, W. & Afrizal, R.A. “Implikasi Kebijakan Bebas Visa Berdasarkan Peraturan Presiden Tentang Bebas Visa Kunjungan: Perspektif Ketenagakerjaan.” Jurnal Ilmiah Kebijakan Hukum 13, no. 3 (2019): 311–22. https://ejournal.balitbangham.go.id/index.php/kebijakan/article/view/790.

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. “Jeremy Bentham,” 2015. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ bentham/#Sov.

Suhariyono, A. “Penentuan Sanksi Pidana Dalam Suatu Undang-Undang.” Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia 6, no.

(2018): 615–66.

Taekema, Sanne. “Theoretical and Normative Frameworks for Legal Research: Putting Theory into Practice.”

Law and Method, March 9, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5553/rem/.000031.

Tim Kerja Dr. Mudzakkir, M.H. “Perencanaan Pembangunan Hukum Nasional Bidang Hukum Pidana Dan Sistem Pemidanaan (Politik Hukum Dan Pemidanaan),” 2008.

United Nations. “Global Issues Migration.” Accessed May 17, 2022. https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/ migration.

Zein, Fatwa, M. Alvi Syahrin, and Tony Mirwanto. “Reformulasi Sanksi Pidana Pasal 116 Juncto Pasal 71 Huruf B Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 Tentang Keimigrasian.” Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Keimigrasian 5, no. 1 (2022): 97–118. https://doi.org/10.52617/jikk.v5i1.326.

Article Metric

Abstract this article has been read : 578 times
PDF file viewed/downloaded : 432 times PDF (Bahasa Indonesia) file viewed/downloaded : 13 times

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30641/kebijakan.2023.V17.25-40