The Usage of Artificial Intelligence  (Artificial Intelligence) as material for consideration of the judge's decision  In the Criminal Justice System in Indonesia

Syamsul Fatoni; Erma Rusdiana

doi:10.30641/dejure.2024.V24.247-264

The Usage of Artificial Intelligence (Artificial Intelligence) as material for consideration of the judge's decision In the Criminal Justice System in Indonesia

Syamsul Fatoni, Erma Rusdiana

Abstract

This study evaluates the integration of artificial intelligence in the judicial processes, focusing on how technology can promote fairness in the Indonesian Criminal Justice system, where there are no specific guidelines for using AI in legal proceedings. The research follows a normative legal approach, analyzing laws and court cases and comparative methods using various legal sources and qualitative analysis methods. The findings reveal that incorporating AI in the judge's decision-making process aids in assessing information and data, facilitating optimal, effective, and efficient decision-making. On the other hand, incorporating AI into the decision-making process of judges within the Criminal Justice System implies that judges act as a smaller version of the system itself, considering various factors such as examination records, charges, and real-life circumstances impacted by social, cultural, and economic elements. Ultimately, integrating AI into the evidential process for judicial decision-making aims to align the criminal justice system with factual situations and the goals of punishment. It is recommended that the use of AI in legal proceedings should not only focus on algorithm-based legal aspects but also take into account non-legal aspects such as humanitarian, social, and economic conditions that contribute to criminal activities. This holistic approach is crucial for ensuring alignment in the Criminal Justice System to uphold legal, moral, and societal justice. The role of the Supreme Court is no exception in providing guidance and supervision of Judges regarding the use of technology, including legal legalization, while still paying attention to law, ethics, social values , and just legal principles.

Keywords

artificial intelligence; criminal justice system; judges decision

Full Text:

PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)

References

Agustini, Pratiwi. “Sekjen Kominfo: Penggunaan AI Harus Sesuai Dengan Nilai Etika Di Indonesia,” 2023. https://aptika.kominfo.go.id/2023/11/sekjen-kominfo-penggunaan-ai-harus-sesuai-dengan-nilai-etika-di-indonesia/.

Amboro, FL. Yudhi Priyo, and Khusuf Komarhana. “Prospek Kecerdasan Buatan Sebagai Subjek Hukum Perdata Di Indonesia [Prospects of Artificial Intelligence As a Subject of Civil Law in Indonesia].” Law Review XX, no. 2 (2021). https://doi.org/10.19166/lr.v0i2.3513.

Amelia, Nabila Fitri, Diva Maura Marcella, Hening Jiwa Semesta, Sabrina Budiarti, and Saskiana Fitra Usman. “Implementasi Artificial Intelligence (AI) Dalam Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Di Indonesia.” Eksekusi: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Administrasi Negara 2, no. 1 (2024): 56–70. https://doi.org/10.55606/eksekusi.v2i1.789.

Amiruddin, and Zainal Asikin. Pengantar Metode Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2004.

Angga Priancha, and Zahrashafa PM. “Pengaturan Hukum Artifical Intelligence Indonesia Saat Ini,” n.d. https://law.ui.ac.id/pengaturan-hukum-artifical-intelligence-indonesia-saat-ini-oleh-zahrashafa-pm-angga-priancha/.

Anggita, Sutri, and Tamaulina Br Sembiring. “Reformasi Sistem Peradilan Pidana Tantangan Dan Prospek Di Era Digital.” Journal of International Multidisciplinary Research 2, no. 1 (2024): 256–71. https://doi.org/10.62504/01na3v98.

Anshori. “Gagasan Artificial Intelligence Dalam Penerapan Hukum Di Era 4.0 Perspektif Penyelesaian Perkara Model Restorasi Justice Dan Hukum Progresif.” Legal Studies Journal 2, no. 2 (2022): 1–13.

Anugrah, Roby. “Pemaafan Korban Ditinjau Dari Tujuan Pemidanaan Dalam Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 8, no. 1 (2019): 20–35.

Arianti, Andi Tenri. “Urgensi Pembaharuan Hukum Yang Restoratif Terkait Dengan Tindak Pidana Ringan.” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Amanna Gappa 19, no. 3 (2011): 289–305.

Astiti, Ni Made Yordha Ayu. “Strict Liability of Artificial Intelligence: Pertanggungjawaban Kepada Pengatur AI Ataukah AI Yang Diberikan Beban Pertanggungjawaban ?” Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana 12, no. 4 (2023): 962–80. https://doi.org/10.24843/JMHU.2023.v12.i04.p14.

Azhar, Mochamad. “Mahkamah Agung Menguji Coba AI Untuk Sistem Peradilan Efisien Dan Transparan,” 2023. https://govinsider.asia/indo-en/article/mahkamah-agung-menguji-coba-ai-untuk-sistem-peradilan-efisien-dan-transparan.

Azizah. “Mahkamah Agung Dan Sepuluh Instansi Tandatangani Nota Kesepahaman SPPT-TI,” 2022. https://www.mahkamahagung.go.id/id/berita/5237/mahkamah-agung-dan-sepuluh-instansi-tanda-tangani-nota-kesepahaman-sppt-ti.

Contini, Francesco. “Artificial Intelligence and the Transformation of Humans, Law and Technology Interactions in Judicial Proceedings,” n.d. https://doi.org/10.3316/AGISPT.20200528030987.

DA, Ady Thea. “MA Kembangkan AI Untuk Cegah Putusan Saling Bertentangan,” 2024. https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/ma-kembangkan-ai-untuk-cegah-putusan-saling-bertentangan-lt65d48bc2d9b80/.

Disemadi, Hari Sutra. “Urgensi Regulasi Khusus Dan Pemanfaatan Artificial Intelligence Dalam Mewujudkan Perlindungan Data Pribadi Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Wawasan Yuridika 5, no. 2 (September 2021): 177–99. https://doi.org/10.25072/JWY.V5I2.460.

Fachri, Ferinda K. “Terjadi Lagi, Pengacara Kanada Mengutip Putusan Fiktif Hasil Halusinasi ChatGPT,” 2024. https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/terjadi-lagi--pengacara-kanada-mengutip-putusan-fiktif-hasil-halusinasi-chatgpt-lt65e8a4696e2eb/.

Fadlian, Aryo. “Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Dalam Suatu Kerangka Teoritis.” Jurnal Hukum Positum 5, no. 2 (2020): 10–19.

Gans-Combe, Caroline. “Automated Justice: Issues, Benefits and Risks in the Use of Artificial Intelligence and Its Algorithms in Access to Justice and Law Enforcement.” Research Ethics Forum 9 (November 2022): 175–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15746-2_14.

Gede Ari Rama, Bagus, Kadek Julia Mahadewi, Kata Kunci, Kecerdasan Buatan, Hak Cipta, and Subjek Hukum. “Urgensi Pengaturan Artificial Intelligence (AI) Dalam Bidang Hukum Hak Cipta Di Indonesia.” JURNAL RECHTENS 12, no. 2 (December 2023): 209–24. https://doi.org/10.56013/RECHTENS.V12I2.2395.

Hamzah, Andi. “Asas-Asas Hukum Pidana, Rineka Cipta.” Jakarta, 1994.

Haris, Muhammad Tan Abdul Rahman, and Tantimin Tantimin. “Analisis Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Pidana Terhadap Pemanfaatan Artificial Intelligence Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum (JKH) 8, no. 1 (2022): 307–16.

Hasibuan, Mutiara Nora Peace. “Sistem Peradilan Pidana Berkeadilan Melalui Pendekatan Kontrol Dalam Proses Penegakan Hukum.” Ajudikasi : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 3, no. 2 (December 2019): 167–84. https://doi.org/10.30656/AJUDIKASI.V3I2.1879.

Hasna, Ghina Alifah, and Eka Juarsa. “Kedudukan Visum Et Repertum Sebagai Alat Bukti Dalam Hukum Acara Pidana Terhadap Tindak Pidana Penganiayaan.” In Bandung Conference Series: Law Studies, 2:708–14, 2022. https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsls.v2i1.1164.

Hutahaean, Armunanto, and Erlyn Indarti. “Lembaga Penyidik Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Terpadu Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia 16, no. 1 (2019): 27–41.

Indawati, Syarifah Dewi. “Dasar Pertimbangan Hukum Hakim Menjatuhkan Putusan Lepas Dari Segala Tuntutan Hukum Terdakwa Dalam Perkara Penipuan.” Verstek 5, no. 2 (August 2019): 270–71. https://doi.org/10.20961/JV.V5I2.33500.

Isanbor, P O, and B P Irabor. “Ethics of Living in Kierkegaard’s Nothingness of Existence.” Journal of Philosophy and Religious Studies 2, no. 1 (2020): 21–37.

Isanbor, Philip Osarobu. “Human Person and Development in Theistic and Atheistic Existentialist Thoughts.” Albertine Journal of Philosophy 6, no. 1 (2022).

Jaya, Febri, Wilton Goh, Analisis Yuridis, Terhadap Kedudukan, and Kecerdasan Buatan. “Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Kedudukan Kecerdasan Buatan Atau Artificial Intelligence Sebagai Subjek Hukum Pada Hukum Positif Indonesia.” Supremasi Hukum 17, no. 02 (July 2021): 01–11. https://doi.org/10.33592/JSH.V17I2.1287.

Johari, J. “Kebenaran Materil Dalam Kajian Hukum Pidana.” REUSAM: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 8, no. 2 (2021): 118–27.

Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika. “Wamen Nezar Patria: Pengaturan AI Bisa Gunakan UU ITE Dan PP PSTE,” n.d.

Koloay, Renny N S. “Perkembangan Hukum Indonesia Berkenaan Dengan Teknologi Informasi Dan Komunikasi Oleh: Renny Ns Koloay.” Jurnal Hukum Unsrat 22, no. 5 (2016).

Komalasari, Rita, Nurhayati Nurhayati, and Cecep Mustafa. “Keadilan Bagi Penyalahguna Narkotika Di Indonesia.” Arena Hukum 14, no. 3 (December 2021): 479–99. https://doi.org/10.21776/UB.ARENAHUKUM.2021.01403.4.

Kovač, Bojana. “Law & ChatGPT: Will AI Take over Lawyers and Judges?,” 2023. https://www.diplomacy.edu/blog/law-chatgpt-will-ai-take-over-lawyers-and-judges/.

Kurniawan, Itok Dwi, and Kristiyadi. “Questioning the Existence of Artificial Intelligence as a Legal Subject in Indonesian National Law.” Jurnal Kewarganegaraan 6, no. 4 (2022): 7307–13. https://doi.org/10.31316/JK.V6I4.4528.

Kusuma, Fanila Kasmita. “Radikalisasi Sebagai Pola Politik Hukum Indonesia Di Era Society 5.0.” Journal of Syntax Literate 69, no. 12 (2021): 6164.

Leksono, Sony Cipto, Hadi Purnomo, and Hernawat RAS. “Criminal Justice System in The Perspective of Integration.” International Journal of Asia Pasific Collaboration 1, no. 82–90 (2023).

Liu, Han Wei, Ching Fu Lin, and Yu Jie Chen. “Beyond State v Loomis: Artificial Intelligence, Government Algorithmization and Accountability.” International Journal of Law and Information Technology 27, no. 2 (June 2019): 122–41. https://doi.org/10.1093/IJLIT/EAZ001.

Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Kencana, 2008.

Muhammad, Rusli. Hukum Acara Pidana Kontemporer. Bandung: PT Citra Aditya Bakti, 2007.

Mustafa, Mustafa. “Eksistensi Kompilasi Hukum Islam Problematikan Penerapannya Di Indonesia.” ARJIS (Abdurrauf Journal of Islamic Studies) 1, no. 1 (2022): 55–79. https://doi.org/10.33592/jsh.v17i2.1287.

Numa, Anett. “Artificial Intelligence as the New Reality of E-Justice,” 2020. https://e-estonia.com/artificial-intelligence-as-the-new-reality-of-e-justice/.

Nurahman, Adiansyah, and Eko Soponyono. “Asas Keseimbangan Dalam Rancangan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana Sebagai Upaya Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana Yang Berkeadilan.” Pandecta Research Law Journal 14, no. 2 (December 2019): 100–106. https://doi.org/10.15294/PANDECTA.V14I2.17596.

Pabubung, Michael Reskiantio. “Era Kecerdasan Buatan Dan Dampak Terhadap Martabat Manusia Dalam Kajian Etis.” Jurnal Filsafat Indonesia 6, no. 1 (April 2023): 66–74. https://doi.org/10.23887/JFI.V6I1.49293.

Pakpahan, Hottua, Herlina Manullang, and Ojak Nainggolan. “Analisis Dasar Pertimbangan Hakim Dalam Menjatuhkan Pemidanaan Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Perusakan Hutan (Studi Putusan No.532/Pid.Sus/2018/PN-PLK).” Jurnal Hukum PATIK 8, no. 1 (April 2019): 65–74. https://doi.org/10.52362/jisicom.v5i2.616.

Pakpahan, Roida. “Analisa Pengaruh Implementasi Artificial.” Journal of Information System, Informatics and Computing 5, no. 2 (2021). https://doi.org/10.52362/jisicom.v5i2.616.

Palsari, Cahya. “Kajian Pengantar Ilmu Hukum : Tujuan Dan Fungsi Ilmu Hukum Sebagai Dasar Fundamental Dalam Penjatuhan Putusan Pengadilan.” Jurnal Komunitas Yustisia 4, no. 3 (2021): 940–50. https://doi.org/10.23887/JATAYU.V4I3.43191.

Putro, Widodo Dwi. “Disrupsi Dan Masa Depan Profesi Hukum.” Mimbar Hukum-Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada 32, no. 1 (2020): 19–29. https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.42928.

Radavoi Ciprian N. “The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Freedom, Rationality, Rule of Law and Democracy: Should We Not Be Debating It?” Texas Journal on Civil Liberties & Civil Rights 25 (2020).

Ravizki, Eka Nanda, and Lintang Yudhantaka. “Artificial Intelligence Sebagai Subjek Hukum: Tinjauan Konseptual Dan Tantangan Pengaturan Di Indonesia.” Notaire 5, no. 3 (2022). https://doi.org/10.20473/ntr.v5i3.39063.

Re, Richard M, and Alicia Solow-Niederman. “Developing Artificially Intelligent Justice.” Stan. Tech. L. Rev. 22 (2019): 242.

Realing, A. D.Dory. “Courts and Artificial Intelligence.” International Journal for Court Administration 11, no. 2 (2020): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.36745/IJCA.343.

Reksodiputro, Mardjono. “Bunga Rampai Permasalahan Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana.” Kumpulan Karangan Buku Kelima, Pusat Pelayanan Keadilan Dan Pengabdian Hukum, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 1997.

Rofiq, Ahmad, Hari Sutra Disemadi, and Nyoman Serikat Putra Jaya. “Criminal Objectives Integrality in the Indonesian Criminal Justice System.” In Al-Risalah: Forum Kajian Hukum Dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan, 19:179–90, 2019. https://doi.org/10.30631/alrisalah.v19i2.458.

Satriya, Bambang, Abdul Wahid, and Mirin Primudyastutie. “Idealitas Eksistensi Hakim Komisaris Terhadap Konstruksi Peradilan Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum 12, no. 3 (2021): 254–62. https://doi.org/10.26905/ idjch.v12i3.5974.

Sebayang, Ekinia Karolin, Mahmud Mulyadi, and Mohammad Ekaputra. “Potensi Pemanfaatan Teknologi Artificial Intelligence Sebagai Produk Lembaga Peradilan Pidana Di Indonesia.” Locus Journal of Academic Literature Review 3, no. 4 (2024): 317–28. https://doi.org/10.56128/ljoalr.v3i4.311.

Silaen, Febriyanti, Dan Syawal, and Amry Siregar. “Hubungan Kebijakan Kriminal Dengan Kebijakan Hukum Pidana.” Jurnal Darma Agung 28, no. 1 (May 2020): 8–16. https://doi.org/10.46930/OJSUDA.V28I1.455.

Simanjuntak, Ayu, Winda Tarihoran, Lestania Simatupang, Kisah Lumban Toruan, and Sri Yunita. “Dampak Teknologi Dan Inovasi Pada Keadilan Dalam Penegakan Hukum Di Era Digital.” Journal on Education 6, no. 1 (2023): 9212–19.

Triantono, Triantono, and Muhammad Marizal. “Parameter Keyakinan Hakim Dalam Memutus Perkara Pidana.” Justitia et Pax 37, no. 2 (December 2021). https://doi.org/10.24002/jep.v37i2.3744.

Wahid, Abdul. “Restorative Justice Arrangements in the Indonesian Criminal Justice System: A Contribution of Thoughts.” Rechtsidee 8, no. June (2021): 10–21070. https://doi.org/10.21070/jihr.v8i0.778.

Završnik, Aleš. “Criminal Justice, Artificial Intelligence Systems, and Human Rights.” ERA Forum 20, no. 4 (2020): 567–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12027-020-00602-0.

Zhabina, Alena. “How China’s AI Is Automating the Legal System,” 2023. https://www.dw.com/en/how-chinas-ai-is-automating-the-legal-system/a-64465988.

Article Metric

Abstract this article has been read : 895 times
PDF (Bahasa Indonesia) file viewed/downloaded : 489 times

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30641/dejure.2024.V24.247-264